Following its passage on March 12, China has enacted a new ethnic unity law aimed at fostering a shared national identity among the country's 56 ethnic groups. The legislation, which took effect on Wednesday, outlines measures to promote ethnic unity across all government bodies and private enterprises, including state-affiliated organizations. Critics argue that Beijing may use this law to limit expressions of ethnic diversity, particularly among Tibetans and Uighurs, as it mandates Mandarin Chinese as the primary language of instruction in schools nationwide. This could potentially override previous constitutional rights allowing for minority languages to be used in education. Concerns have also been raised about the law's potential application to individuals outside China's borders, which could lead to targeting overseas critics of China. The Chinese government, however, denies these allegations and asserts that the law is intended to combat separatist movements abroad. This development has sparked international concern and debate over China's treatment of its ethnic minorities, with rights groups claiming the law may compromise the cultural and social rights of minority communities.